Was decolonisation beneficial for the development of the former Essay

Was decolonisation beneficial for the development of the former colonies - Essay Example Freedom came at a heavy price and it did not deliver economic prosperity or improved the socio-economic conditions of the former colonies. â€Å"If colonialism distorted economies, freedom did not always deliver prosperity... The rights of nations to sovereignty begged the question of defining a nation. Most successor states were ethnically diverse, bounded by arbitrary frontiers. ...New education and training institutions could not immediately cope with the aspirations of burgeoning population. Few ex-colonies responded as planned, to strategies of agricultural intensification and economic diversification.†(Kuper 2005, p.136) Decolonization was not all about attaining sovereignty as a nation; as it posed new and bigger challenges in order to survive in post-colonial era. Colonialism had lasted for centuries and the traditional models of government and social life had been transformed greatly. Everything was under the influence of the colonial empires and decolonization could not reverse this fact. Everything needed to evolve naturally and to adjust to the changing world scenario. Where decolonization brought waves of joy for the peoples who had fought for it, it also brought inadequate political, social and economical infrastructures that were formerly being looked after by the colonialists. Although the new governments tried to motivate their peoples to work for their national interests, yet inadequate financial and technical resources kept the progress at a slow level. The public offices were formerly kept by the colonialists and with their departure, the responsibility fell into the hands of nascent bureaucracy and political administration. Thus, coping with the issues and demands of an aspirant society became overwhelming. Nonetheless, few colonies were in a better position to evolve naturally out of decolonization into independent and sovereign states that had adequate infrastructure to shift from colonization to decolonization in a smooth and plan ned manner. The newly formed governments had to tackle numerous issues at the same time. While they had gained freedom with their national spirit; yet it became difficult for them to define the term ‘nation’. The power game involved leaders from diverse ethnic groups and inner conflicts always tended to destabilize their political structures. â€Å"The Caribbean, southeast Asia, and the Middle East join Africa as regions marked by places of despair and desperation, of those ecologies where shattered dreams are found in cracked foundations and high hopes cannot be seen behind the huge piles of garbage. In such places, the sounds of strife and disorder have frequently been heard. Civil war, overthrow of governments, and ethnic conflicts has been common eruptions in much of Africa and Southeast Asia since the time that the regions were politically reconfigured into nation states.† (Betts 2004, p.103) This is a widespread opinion of critics that have witnessed decade s of turmoil in former colonies. Failure to adjust to the new world order plunged them further into darkness. Their progress and development was impeded by the continual communal violence and insurgencies. Their national spirit could not unite them as a nation and in such cases decolonization was not at all beneficial for them. As a colony, at least they were enjoying some sort of peace, progress and economic development. Upon decolonization, their economic conditions worsened without any hope. The

Maxim Magazine The Company Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Maxim Magazine The Company - Essay Example The success of the magazine in its primary market has resulted into expansion into other countries including US, Argentine, Canada, India and other countries. This success of the magazine therefore has made it one of the strongest brands in the industry which firm is also utilizing in its other projects. Such success and brand development also outlines that the Maxim as an organization is also becoming successful and the overall systems , procedures and culture of the organization has resulted into its success over the period of time. The question of whether Maxim is a closed system therefore depends upon a closer analysis of the overall system of the organization, its values as well as culture. It is also important to understand the peculiar dynamics of the media industry in which Maxim works. This also signifies that impact of the industry can have important significance for the organization as a closed system. Within the norms of the public media, the companies work as a closed system owing to the fact that message or output is communicated from a single source to potentially passive audience. This suggests that the output of the closed systems like Maxim entirely depends upon the Maxim’s management’s decision as to what to target and what to deliver. Further, it is argued that the contents of the Maxim are relatively irrelevant as well as the informal. (Proffitt) One of the essential characteristics of closed systems is based on the fact that closed systems are owned by single company. Maxim is a subsidiary of the US based Alpha Media Group. Single ownership of the company suggest that the Maxim is a closed system given the fact that its overall output is more direct and lack openness in terms of the its audience. It is however, critical to understand that the services or businesses related with internet are often considered as the closed systems. Organizations like Facebook are treated as closed systems

Violence against children in Vietnamese daycare

Violence against children in Vietnamese daycare Outline: I. Introduction: 1. What is violence? 2. Children in daycares. 3. Violence against children in daycares. II. Situations: Violence against children in Vietnam. 2. The consequences of the violent using. 3. Parents’ responsibilities. III. Problems: Public daycares overload. Risks of private daycares. The careless of parents. IV. Solutions: Increase the nannies’ knowledge in teaching and caring children skill. Enhance daycares’ facilities and infrastructure. Increase inspection and supervision of the authority at private daycares. V. Evaluation 1. Advantages 2. Disadvantages VI. Conclusion Nowadays, violence against children is become one of the most alert issues; especially in Vietnamese daycares. The children are physically and mentally ill-treated. Firstly, violence means using physical force against people and an act of aggression against a person who resist or not (definitions.net). In that sense, toddlers, children aged from two to four years old are the victims of violence in daycares. Using violence against toddlers is seriously violating the human rights, especially the children rights. According to UNICEF, â€Å" Governments should ensure that children are properly cared for, and protect them from violence, abuse and neglect by their parents, or anyone else who looks after them† (Article 19,unicef.org). In recent years, Vietnamese daycares are facing a lot of doubtful legal cases. Many of these daycares are caught in the act of hitting and persecuting small kids. The government, especially the child-care organizations also takes a part in this alarmin g issue. One of the first responsibilities belongs to Vietnamese Ministry of Education and Training (MOET). The issue which has been originated from the insufficient skills of management operation in children-care centers has led to a lot of severe and social and educational consequences. As a result, the Vietnamese government and local organizations are now making the revolution in the child-care system to calm parents’ mind. II. Situation First of all, the toddlers have the right to learning and growing with love. They are not deserved to be ill-treated that some adults have done. For example, the case which causes a tide in Vietnamese public opinion happens in Phuong Anh daycare in Thu Duc District. The scene was based on the video clip which people living around the daycare have been recording; the babysitters hit and forced small kids with violent actions. Although they were crying, the babysitter still throttled and slapped them. This is just one of cases which involve the violence against children in daycares. â€Å"The violence against children phenomenon is not popular however it’s not so rare†, said Ngo The Minh, the Deputy Chairman of Committees of cultural and educational youth and children of Congress (24h.com.vn). However, Vietnam is not the only country having the violence against small kids. This phenomenon happens everywhere in the world, especially the developing and poor countries. Belo w is the statistics showing the percentage of children from some countries experiencing violent discipline, psychological aggression or physical punishment (unicef.org): Children are the future of every country. They make the world become a better place and more complete day by day. If they were treated badly in the past, they would become the one who will treat their children the same in future. Particularly in daycares, the kids begin to learn and understand about the world. Therefore, when they grow up, they remember how the adults rose and taught them. The fact that nannies apply violence with kids just makes them more hard-headed and stubborn. As a result, parents are the people who suffer the most because of the kids’ misbehaviors and inappropriate attitudes. Parents also take important responsibilities in this issue. They don’t have time with their children because of their busy works. In Vietnam, the parents who don’t have time to take care of their children such as workers, office staff or even doctors having some busy jobs usually send their children to daycares. Some of them even send their kids to the not-officially- certified daycares. As a consequence, this carelessness leads to a lot of unfortunate accidents which have been written a lot in various newspapers. III. Problems In recent years, the violence against children is the most concern issue in Vietnam. There are a lot of toddlers being abused in illegal daycares. Some of them are badly injured and the others are dead because of nannies’ brutal act. Thus, there are many reasons for these tragic accidents which happen every year. The first reason is public daycares are having an oversupply of kids. Families who have toddlers living in the big city or the capital are having difficulty in finding public daycares, especially families with low income or don’t have city household. The Vietnamese daycares are oversupplied with kids because the population growing faster in recent years. Every mother and father wants their children sent to the place with good education and skillfully teacher. Consequently, the late ones don’t get the chance to send their children to public daycares so they must take their children to private daycares. Secondly, the percentage of using violence against children in private daycares is usually high. Private daycares were opened to help the children who didn’t get a place to study because of the public daycares’ overload. However, most of the private daycares fail to meet the requirements in the facilities, infrastructure and teaching qualifications. Moreover, normal people even can open the daycares at homes without officially-certified papers. As a result, there are so many accidents happen at home daycares such as the story happen at Thu Duc district. The nanny name’s Nho who is the criminal for killing the eighteen-month kid name’s Long. â€Å"When Nho was getting the breakfast for Long, she saw the kid cried. Then she yelled at Long and threatened him to eat the food. However, Long still cried which make Nho became angry and lost control. Therefore, she lifted up the boy and threw him in the air without catching the boy back. The falling make Long go t badly injured then he cried out loud which was the reason make Nho stomped on the baby’s chest and head two times. Unfortunately, the kid didn’t survive the thrashing of the nanny† (vtc.vn). Thus, this issue also takes a part in the responsibilities of parents. Thirdly, the careless of parents are one of the reasons that make children being ill-treated. They didn’t learn carefully about the daycares where they entrusted their children. Parents absolutely trust in the babysitters. If something happen to their children, they will often ask the babysitters instead of finding the reasons from their kids. Some parents give nannies that take care of their children some extra tips on special events. For this reason, low-income families may have disadvantages with the nannies even so their children. Which means parents know that violence is exist in daycares and they accept that by bribing the nannies. Consequently, when the violence is finding out, they take all the blame on the daycares as well as the nannies. Besides, people who live around the daycares also be the accomplice in most of the violence issues. They knew what happened in these illegal daycares everyday but they are indifferent with that. If they have a parent’s heart, they should tell the abused children’ parents as well as the newspaper office to accuse the illegal daycares. In this manner, the unfortunate events could be prevented. IV. Solutions: The child abuse phenomenon can’t be stop immediately; it requires time and lots of solutions. Therefore, there are many possible solutions being proposed to stop this phenomenon. Accordingly, the first solution is â€Å"Increase training and periodic retraining to improve professional skills in the work of nurturing, caring and education for young nannies†, said Trinh Viet Then, lecturer of psychology at Van Hien university (vnexpress.net). Small children such as toddlers are very hard to teaching and caring which lead to many acts of violence. Even the well-trained nannies sometimes think about using violence to kids. Toddlers don’t conceive things right or wrong which make the nannies sometimes become furious and cannot control the behaviors. Consequently, if the nannies have both of these skills, the child abuse in daycares will decrease dramatically. According to Thuy Nguyen Radio Station, Dong Son daycare has applied this solution in 2014. The daycare gives the nannies the opportunities to learning and training. In present, most of the babysitters in Dong Son daycare meet the requirement of teaching qualifications (haiphong.gov.vn). In addition, daycares should enhance the infrastructure and as well as the facilities to serve for the teaching purpose. Pham Hien, psychological expert said: â€Å"Daycares must have cameras to help parents easier to observe their kids every day† (youtube.com). Better equipment and infrastructure, the more effective in teaching and caring children. Moreover, daycares having cameras in the classes make the nannies have more self-conscious in their behaviors towards toddlers. This solution also helps parents and researchers easier to keep an eye on kids and avoid problems for the daycares itself. Additionally, daycares with good equipment make kids feel comfortable and easily learning the lessons. For example, the Vietnam Women’s Union (VWU) has donated a large amount of money to enhance the facilities and infrastructure of two kindergartens at Long An province and Binh Duong province (baomoi.com). As a consequence, children studying at these kindergartens are prevented from the violence using of nannies. However, the authority’s inspection and supervision at kindergarten is indispensable. In addition, private daycares without officially certificates must be banned and stop working. Nguyen Thi Loc, vice-director at Hoa Mai semi-public kindergarten said: â€Å"The authority should permanently increase the inspection toward the nannies such as examine the employment records or the nannies’ license† (mamnon.com). Besides, the MOET should investigate and total up the documents of violent victims such as toddlers. Based on the documents, the authority proposes solutions to prevent the violence. Furthermore, people should using banners of anti-violence against children near daycares. People who live near the daycares should encourage others to find out the illegal one and report to the nearby authorities. For example, the Women’s Union at District 8 has made a monitoring at three daycares in November, 2014. The reason is through the monitoring, they can raise aw areness and sense of responsibility for those who have the responsibility of raising children, and to prevent and promptly handle those who abuse children (gov.vn). V. Evaluations:

Peirce, Virtuality, and Semiotic :: Pierce Virtual Virtuality Essays

Peirce, Virtuality, and Semiotic The adjective "virtual," practically unheard-of a few years ago, has without a doubt become the number one buzzword of the nineteen-nineties. Virtual reality has become a catch phrase for the interactive multimedia technologies that have supplanted desktop publishing at the cutting edge of personal-computer graphics technology. The virtual communities which for years have flourished in comfortable obscurity on the Internet, have recently been thrust into the glare of publicity as commercial gateways have opened up the net to the public, while virtual corporations have transformed the world of business. Yet the word "virtual" is nothing new; although its ubiquity is new, as is perhaps its current meaning or meanings. In his admirable glossary of cyberterms, the philosopher Michael Heim defines "virtual" as: "A philosophical term meaning 'not actually but just as if'," and he notes that the term in this sense goes back to the thirteenth-century philosopher John Duns Scotus. (1) The word "virtuality" may have been first used to describe interactive computer systems by Theodore Nelson (the inventor of the term "hypertext"), who proposed this definition, in 1980: (2) By the virtuality of a thing I mean the seeming of it, as distinct from its more concrete "reality," which may not be important. ... I use the term "virtual" in its traditional sense, an opposite of "real". The reality of a movie includes how the scenery was painted and where the actors were repositioned between shots, but who cares? The virtuality of a movie is what seems to be in it. While this may at first blush seem equivalent to Heim's later definition, Nelson's definition is in fact somewhat more specific and represents a significant meaning shift from the traditional sense, as becomes clear when we contrast it with the definition offered in 1991 by the media philosopher Paul Levinson. Paraphrasing Levinson slightly, we may say that he defines a "virtual" X as what you get when the information structure of X is detached from its physical structure. (3) Levinson's examples include virtual - i.e. electronic - classrooms, libraries, and books, and these certainly do not have the look and feel of actual classrooms, libraries, or books. As I have noted elsewhere, the two definitions coincide in the case of virtual reality - the information structure of reality as a whole includes its look and feel - but this is a coincidence; the two definitions represent different concepts.

Compare the Political Regime Type in China and the United States

A country’s regimes are imposed to protect the country’s interest, but these protections will create unavoidable conflict-of-interest where businesses are conducted. Likewise, the super power China and the United States, the perpetual political changes create a direct implication to the day-to-day business activities and the type business investment plan to enter the country. Hence, conflict-of-interests are commonly tensions between the different in political ideologies, social issues, historical and culture background. As these interests are the catalysts to the type of regimes that the country will impose; moreover, these regimes will favour the different types of industries. For that reason, the organisations need to conduct analysis on the political system carefully, so that they can better prepare and outperform their business objectives. Based on the four catalysts, this essay will examine and analysis the different regimes that Chinese government and United States government exercise which will have a lateral effect on the organisation’s business planning process; which focus on different perspective of the employment contract politics and human right regime as well as the transparency between the two government bodies. Political ideologies can be describe as the â€Å"field of conceptual meaning created by recurring patterns of conceptual terms and associated policies found in the discourse of politicians as they participate in formal political processes under real-time conditions. † {text:bibliography-mark} . Hence, the major types of ideologies will go through reformation and adjustment, where by old and unsuitable policy is replaced by the new policy. These changes or reformation can be observed from the different perspective between the Democracy and communist ideology. United States believe neo-liberalism which is part of the Democracy ideology. Currently, she is under the control by the two major political parties; the Republicans and the Democrats which they are constantly changeling the democracy ideology. Moreover, the present 44th presidency, Mr Obama is facing the changeling political reformation changes against the global financial crisis and job creation for his people. On the other hand, China functions base on the political ideology of Communism. The founder of Chinese Communist Party (CCP), Mao Tse-Tung unify the whole of China under one political party, and the late 1990’s, the party’s Premier Zhu Rongji open its economic. Peking government functions much like the United States, but the decision making is control by the central government, which include ministries who are responsible for key areas, such as economic planning and production. The central government decision making process follow a bureaucrat system {text:bibliography-mark} , The origin of employment contract politics and human right regime could be trace back to historical records. Such policies were found during the early Roman Empire, whereby civilian workers and contractor were protected by law {text:bibliography-mark} . Laws were regulated to protect the civilian workers and contractor against the market imperfection; for example the legally binding of the workers contract about the scoop of work and duties of work was agreed upon. As so, this is to prevent any discrepancy between them. The law ought to be passed down by the Roman magistrates, much like modern days law that are passed down by the United States department of labour; in which state The Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act (CWHSSA) that protect the interest of the employee {text:bibliography-mark} ; it will improve the general relationship between the organisation and the employee. Although it can be argued that having too much regulation will increase the return of investment {text:bibliography-mark} , but; according to Federal Arbitration Act (FAA), there are a relationships that drawn between the employment contract politics and human right regime {text:bibliography-mark} . Of course, considering that the modern regulation are extremely well accounted. Hence, employment in United State require a continue update of the new regime and employment contacts will have to come to common ground which are for the best interest of both side. Conversely, the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) do have regime to protect the employee interest and human right, but till date the Peking government are constantly having criticism over the labour law and the human right issues {text:bibliography-mark} . Much of the regimes have had been passed down, but the regime are poorly regulated {text:bibliography-mark} . For these issues, organization found a perfect loophole to exercise the market imperfection; a topical example is to exercise the low wage labour cost factor and the extension of the working hours or the condition of the working environment. Moreover, it can draw consent to corporate social responsibility (CSR) for the types of working environment factor worker were subjected too {text:bibliography-mark} . These impose an image of ‘playing good in their country, but playing bad on the other’. However, since the Peking government had entered the WTO in 2001, the Peking government is providing a perpetual change of their regime and improvement of enforcing the regime {text:bibliography-mark} ; hence the playground for market imperfection will not last long. Erstwhile, some of the modern political ideologies could be traced back to the Roman Empire, whereby historical evidence provides the foundation of the different types of political ideologies. In additional to the argument, manufacturing industries are likely to venture into the different region of the developing cities of China to do their mass production process. In this grey area, the industries take advantages of the poorly regulated regime and the human right issues. But some company had forgotten about the imprecation to the prestige of their brand name; just like the case of Reebok {text:bibliography-mark} whereby unethical working conditions were practices. Untimely, the ethical investments will ounce between the cost factor; manufacturing product in Unite State which will incur the cost of production, or manufacturing product in China will losing the prestige of the brand. Where, the company failure to consider the imprecation in employment contract politics and human right issues will obliterate the brand equity, however most company had out-weighted the cost benefit, and had move their manufacturing into China. Transparency of the government, play a part in the business planning process, in term of investment and financing management {text:bibliography-mark} . For example, the Basel I was later replace by â€Å"Basel II capital accord framework† {text:bibliography-mark} had presented a challenge for the financial organisation operating in United States to please both the government bodies and the distribution of the shareholder wealth. This regime targets the financial institution to improve on their transparency and accountability as well as reducing the chances of another global financial crisis; which had swept through the whole business environment. In this issue, it can be argue that the financial institution had too much deregulation, in term allow less transparency or accountability to be reported. Consequently, this new policy will have an implication on the business model. On the other hand, during election times political incentives seem to be different; which float between deregulation near election and regulation after election {text:bibliography-mark} . However, China has new government policy; moving toward transparency of government, that allows China to open its trading door. Erstwhile, Peking government had major concerns in their early reformation, which were to resolve the food and agriculture shortage and follow by reformation of the country internal industrial department for its nation internal economy. This is done without the need of infecting with capitalism ideology, in fact, they were moving toward a self-sustainable nation, but due to the operate on a bureaucrat system, it take a longer than usual time for each regime to be pass through effectively and transparent throughout the entire nation. Although, the Peking government bring into disrepute of capitalism, the early communism system did issue â€Å"more than 4,000 statutes and regulations by the Peking regime up to 1958† {text:bibliography-mark} . At that time, these regimes were issues to regulate the national economy. Most likely, the culture aspect and the style of governing the county have courses them to be less transparent. To a degree of consideration, private ownership entities were executed, if there were more than seven workers {text:bibliography-mark} . However, the effectiveness and transparency of these regimes were yet to be measure or suggested that were carryout and regulated. Beside much of these regimes are mucky and often being questioned by international media. Till date, these processes are often close door discussion as regime will not be allowed to issues to the public until the central government pass the bill. It is agreeable that for foreign direct investment company, who require latest information about the regime, are moving out of the country because of poor understanding of the business political culture {text:bibliography-mark} . However, China rapid GDP growth had force the â€Å"government bargaining to a degree of mutual dependence or interdependence† {text:bibliography-mark} . Moreover, the Peking government are working on new regime that will balance between the government and business investment. In return, this type of reformation will allow more foreign investor, as regime become more attractive to the investment. A conclusive agreement and analysis show that international business will continue to move into China, despite that contract politics and human right regime have impact on the prestige of the brand. Perhaps, the reformation towards a transparent government intervention has favour business. Where comparing evidence suggests that, doing business in Unite State is having a higher cost factor, hence this issues have out-weighted businesses to shaft to other possible solution. Although the State transparency is excellent but can be dissimilar at time. Party, each regime that is implemented or adopted is directly affected by the four conditions. Moreover, these conflict-of-interests shell be address by the corporation before investing. Reference

Importance of Meditation

What is meditation and what is it intended to accomplish? If you go to your doctor for stress related problems, she or he will likely tell you that perhaps the best treatment for stress is Meditation. So what is meditation? The word â€Å"meditation†, is derived from two Latin words: meditari (to think, to dwell upon, to exercise the mind) and mederi (to heal). Its Sanskrit derivation ‘medha' means wisdom. Meditation is a group of techniques that induce an altered state of focused attention and heightened awareness.Many years ago meditation was considered something just not meant for modern people, but now it has become very popular with all types of people. Published scientific and medical evidence has proved its benefits, but it still needs to be much understood. Various types of meditation that are recognized include transcendental meditation, prayer, Zen meditation, Taoist meditation, mindfulness meditation, and Buddhist meditation. Some methods of meditation may req uire the body being absolutely still or to be moved with controlled deliberation, while other types allow for free movement of the body.While the methods are different, the end goal of all types of meditation leads to a mind that is quieted, purified, and free from stress by the use of quiet contemplation and reflection. Meditation Categories. There are two general categories of meditation. Concentration techniques involve focusing awareness on a visual image, your breathing, a word, or a phrase. When a sound is used, it is typically a short word or a religious phrase, called a mantra, that is repeated mentally.The other one, called Opening-up techniques, involve a present-centered awareness of the passing moment, without mental judgment (Tart, 1994). Rather than concentrating on an object, sound, or activity, the meditator engages in quite awareness of the â€Å"here and now† without distracting thoughts. The zazen, or â€Å"just sitting†, technique of Zen Buddhism is a form of opening-up meditation. Effects of Meditation. Effects of meditation include physical, psychological, and spiritual effects.Some of physical effects include: Stabilizing blood pressure; lowering heart rate and respiratory rate; reducing stress hormones; improving mental functioning; improving brain wave coherence; improving the strength of the immune system. Some of psychological effects include: decreasing stress, anxiety, and depression; increasing joy of living; increasing positive emotions & attitude; increasing self-confidence; and increasing spiritual awareness. The spiritual effects of meditation include growing compassion; decreased sense of ego; unitive consciousness; self-realization and enlightenment.